If you are looking for a piece of music that identifies particular instruments I would recommend the opening sequence of Tchaikovsky's Peter and the Wolf where a natarotor introducers the animals in the story and tells which instrument will represent them in the music.
One of my favorite readings of it is the John Williams/Boston Pops recording on Phillips that was narrated by Dudley Moore.
It can be found on both Tidal and Qobuz.
I'm not sure exactly what you mean by where an instrument falls in the musical spectrum, but if you are looking to see where the frequencies put out by a particular instrument fall within the range of human hearing, that is probably most easily explained visually using a in a chart , such as this:
I hope this helps.
Tom